Shadows over Stripes

Putting a little Van Dyke Brown over the stripy suit has made it feel far more solidly within the painting, while a drop shadow at her feet and additional work over the foreground on the left side has made a great deal of difference to the landscape. Notwithstanding that the Magician still has no feet, I’m pretty happy with the way the foreground works, although I’d like to add some subtle blues into some of the deep shadows and perhaps a touch of purple here and there, particularly beside where the greens lie in the middle ground on the left, just to add a little vibrance to the surface.

This painting has gone outrageously quickly compared to the previous three: The Traveler, The Angel of Death, and The Empress, which all took at least three months each, probably a lot more for the Angel. I’m going to have to get to work getting the frame built and some canvas stretched for the Hanged Man and the Priestess as soon as possible.

 

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A Wet White Magician

The Pre-Raphaelites were famous for their use of a technique called “wet-white” painting, in which the artist first paints the flesh areas of a figure white, then blends into and over the layer of white with transparent flesh tones. I’ve used this technique here on the Magician’s face; the photos show a progression of the stages, ending (in the fifth photo) with a flesh-coloured face that needed a little detail and reworking with white highlights and a touch of glazing, some Van Dyke Brown in dark areas and a tiny bit of Cadmium Red to bring a little colour to her lips and cheeks.

In examining the Pre-Raphaelites’ work in my books and in galleries I see some quite monochromatic rendering in the faces and hands that isn’t as developed as I would like, so I’ll probably add a couple more layers to the work to re-define some features of the face that I’m not entirely happy with.

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Whiter than White Stripes, Alchemical Salts

I’ve spent a short time working with re-rendering the whites of the Magician’s clothing in order to build some substance to the paint and simply to clean up the glazes that had stained the figure while painting the background. The white looks incredibly bright against the more muted tones of the rest of the painting.

In the left foreground I’ve added another area of the white layer that is seen in the background, increasing the impression that the painting is set in an area that is surrounded by a salt lake bed. I’ll add Raw Sienna to this first layer to bring the brightness down and set the new work into the rest of the painting.

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Alchemical Colours and the Dirt

Fifteenth century alchemical process followed a sequence of colour changes as the work progressed. Black (nigredo), White (albedo), Yellow (citrinitis) and Red (rubedo).

Now coloured, the flags in the landscape indicate that this is an alchemical image, with a blue one at the centre of the cross representing the quintessence.

The eponymous character demonstrates her mastery of the elements and understanding of the organization of the natural world, much like Della Porta’s description of a Magician in his book “Natural Magic”.

“I think that Magick is nothing else but the survey of the whole course of nature, for whilst we consider the heavens, the stars, the elements, how they are moved, and how they are changed, by this means we find out the hidden secrets of living creatures, of plants, of metals and of their generation and corruption; so that this whole science seems merely to depend upon the view of nature.”

2, Porta, John Baptista. Natural Magic. London, 1658. Kessinger Facsimile edition.

I’ve glazed the foreground mud landscape with a mix of Olive Green and  Van Dyke Brown, deliberately making the colours shift in density and colour to create a vibrant surface. I ragged off much of the paint so the base coat of sandy brown came through, making the surface deeper and quite complex. I think one more layer should do it. In the process of ragging the paint I came across a great method of making grassy patterns that I can use later in other works. It’s important to mentally file away little tricks and techniques that you notice while working, even if they aren’t useful in the work you’re doing when you find them.

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Lights on the Mud

Adding a little Lead White to the patches of mud prepares them for another layer that will make the surface feel more solid. The little pebbles that I did first have all taken a glaze of Raw Sienna that makes them appear like little lumps of gold. I’ll need to define and reglaze these to make them work properly, but it’s a good start.

I really must get to the Magician’s feet so that I can produce the surface that she’s standing on. Because she’s only had one layer of paint she’s feeling a little cut out, standing above the surface of the painting. I’ll add a shadow on the ground beside her, then when she’s had a few layers of work she’ll set back into the piece properly.

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The World is Mud-luscious

Working with paint in a loose and spontaneous way has resulted in this Raw Umber layer that will provide the structure for the mud surface of the land around the pool. It all looks a little dark now, but the next layer of white will doubtless lighten the surface even after a glaze coat goes over it. Those little white pebbles I did earlier look a little lost, and I will need to pay attention to them so they don’t disappear completely, but they should be fine once they get a glaze of Raw Sienna or a yellow to make them pop out from the mud.

As the mud recedes from the water I want it to become increasingly dry and form larger slabs of clay in that characteristic honeycomb of cracks that you see in Death Valley or any desert environment; however, I want to give the impression that the area closer to the water is softer and has been walked on many times.

This is a good exercise for me, because I tend to work quite tightly, so getting these quick gestures down, then modifying them to make the loose patterns that form the mud clumps is challenging, but particularly worth doing so that I don’t fall into habits that restrict me from making looser gestures.

I think that a lot of really great painting is dependent on controlling the “accidents” that are generated by loose gestures; having the self-discipline to allow these  “accidents” to happen by editing out those gestures that don’t work and deleting them, then repeating them until the paint and brush create a shape that looks entirely spontaneous, but actually took three or four false starts. Many of the works of John Singer Sargent exhibit this kind of approach. James Gurney has published Sargent’s painting notes on his blog.

Equally important, I think getting into the habit of reworking a gesture can be fatal without wiping the initial gesture away – either delete it completely so that the new work is completely fresh, or leave the gesture alone. Too often I see students make a mark that looks great, then think to themselves, “Oh, that was good, I’ll do it again.” and destroying that which was good, spontaneous and alive by re-marking and killing any life the mark had in the first place.

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Depth

I’ve posted two almost identical pictures today to show the difference a bit of subtle work makes to a painting – the first picture is the end result of this afternoon’s work, the second you already saw on Saturday evening. I enjoy comparing the result of a day’s work with the previous day to see what I’ve achieved.

Adding shadows to the flags makes the landscape feel more consistent and solid, with variations in the line of the cast shadow revealing an uneven surface to the ground that otherwise wouldn’t be apparent. I particularly enjoyed adding the shadow of a flag that is off the canvas on the left side of the composition, because it increases the sense that we are framing out a larger world that continues outside the picture frame. Getting the shadows of the flags that stand in the water right was interesting because the reflections have to come in front of the shadow and the shadow has to run over the surface of the bottom of the water.

Drop shadows on the little pebbles increases their solidity, although they will need further work before I move onto the ground’s surface. It’s too flat at the moment, and I’m not satisfied. The other paintings in the series have all had a great deal of detail in the landscape, regardless of their location, and I feel the need to be just as detail oriented in this one, even if it’s just a dirt floor it deserves to be a very well detailed dirt floor.

The rocks were glazed with Raw Umber, which I either scraped off again with a knife or wiped with a rag. I dry-brushed a little of the brown back into the surface here and there, mostly to emphasize shadows. I’ve yet to give the Magician herself a shadow.

I repainted the clouds with a glaze of Iron Oxide Orange because it so nicely thins to a yellow tint and adds a convincing layer of colour to the cotton balls. Titanium White brought highlights to the top left of the clouds, then I blended the white down into the mass.

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Landscape Flag Cross

At last I got a full day in the studio, getting a lot of painting done. It was so exciting to be able to develop ideas as the day passed, imagining new steps to take to drive the painting forward.

There being no students in sight to help me I turned the painting over again, no mean feat considering its scale, and one that I don’t particularly want to do again. I worked almost entirely on the landscape, building reflections of flags, clouds and rocks in the surface of the pool, then adding some little stones that just break the surface of the water, helping to create the illusion of reflection.

Putting down a base onto the rocks, then using a palette knife to scrape white onto their left sides has given them some substance that will work well with a glaze over it.

There are many more flags than there were yesterday, and I’m far happier with them now that the landscape is far more clearly divided by the shape of a cross meeting at the top corner of the pond. Getting their reflections in the pool was very interesting because the physics of reflection isn’t particularly simple. It seems that when an object is actually touching the water the reflection starts right there at its base, while objects above the horizon should be measured to their height above the horizon line, then dropped down to the reflective surface in mirror image. Stuff resting on the ground in between the horizon and the reflective surface is harder to figure out because the angle of reflection from the surface to the top of the object isn’t immediately obvious when inventing a landscape!

Finally, I’ve added a string of little pebbles on the ground corresponding to those that are in the water, making the land and the pond feel unified in the same place. These white blobby shapes will require definition and colour before they look like the golden stones I imagine.

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Red Pool Rising

Turning the painting upside down was really great because it made it so much easier to paint the sky, which now is turning into a substantial and striking feature. I’ve flipped the photo to make it easier to see the painting. I’ve glazed the lower reaches of the sky as it descends to the horizon with a Ceramic White (nice bright white which is somewhat transparent, enabling delicate glazes) and a second glaze of Iron Oxide Red at the height.

While driving to the sign-painters’ store in Chatsworth yesterday with Joseph the sky turned dramatic as we ascended the Santa Suzannah Pass, which is an impressive mountainside of broken and deeply eroded stone, and we observed that the clouds grew harder edged as they receded to the horizon, which is the opposite effect to the way landscapes soften and become grayer and bluer as they get further away. Clouds that are closer to you are more wispy and less well defined.

With the the sky painted orange I turned my attention to the reflecting pool of water, popping in mirror images of the clouds above it and hinting at the mountainside. When I paint the rocks bordering the pool I must drop reflections below them onto the water.

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Flipped for a Sunset Sky

I’ve finished painting the legs with the exception of the shoes, which I will do later. I’ve limited myself to simpler tasks today because I’m just too tired to do the more detailed work. It’s been a productive but mostly administrative week, and although the work will bear fruit later, it’s still frustrating to know that my studio is sitting quietly, with paintings that need attention. I can’t wait to get back into the studio for some really substantial painting time.

Joseph helped me turn the Magician upside down so that working on the sky would be easier, and I’ve glazed it with an Iron Oxide Red which I ragged off, then used a Flake White for the clouds. I’ve painted the clouds with a denser, impasto white towards where the light source originates, leaving them to become softer and more blended on the side facing away from the light.

I’m interested in how this orange sky will work. It’s fun to bring a strong colour into play instead of the blue we usually see.

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