Because I don’t think the fist shapes of the hands of the first attendant on the right are particularly graceful, I’m altering them to a more delicate, mannered position that I think is more appropriate to the painting. I want the Empress to appear weightless, so the hands that are visible are going to be long-fingered and like those of a ballet dancer.
Getting the hand right was interesting. I asked my student Rachel to hold a plastic bottle for me while I matched it to the angle of the leg she was supposed to hold, matched the scale of the hand by referring to the distance from the knuckle to the break of the wrist, then elongated the fingers slightly.
Hand-held
Cobalt
The sky has been painted gray in preparation for a coat of Cobalt Blue, which is the favorite (and most expensive) blue chosen by Alma Tadema for those intense, richly vibrant skies that set off the marble in the foreground of his classic paintings. This evening I picked up two 150ml tubes made by M. Graham, which should be enough to cover the skies of both the Empress and the Virtues, allowing for clouds and the central bright area of the big painting. The empress will be a solid blue, so I must work a fade into the gray before applying the blue in order to find that soft progression from light at the horizon to darkness up high.
Vespertina Quies
Burne-Jones’ painting technique while working on his Vespertina Quies, described by his student Maud Beddington:
“He began by drawing the figure in Raw Umber… then he modeled the face in white and Raw Umber, lightly putting a little red on the lips, nostrils and eyes – the blue of the frock and all the strong colours were painted in sweeping strokes of full colour. He used a mixture of spike oil and turpentine as a medium. He used a flat brush to keep his canvas smooth.”
Plate 35 notes. Ash, Russell. 1993. Sir Edward Burne-Jones. Abrams.
Legs and Dresses
The legs are beginning to take their place, presenting a number of corrections to the structures that are immediately behind them. I’ve drafted the outlines of the top leg and sketched the bottom edge of it; tomorrow I hope to get the bottom one sketched in with the supporting hands and to work on the Empress’ dress.
I got into building some ribbon-like pieces behind a large belt with buckle at the waist of the first girl on the right, getting me daydreaming about designing a harness for wings for her, like my friend and colleague Dru Pagliassotti’s heroine in her Steampunk novel Clockwork Heart. If I do so, it will have to follow considerable work on the sky.
I’m thoroughly enjoying the fabric. It’s particularly good fun to invent folds and ribbons for the figures to wear, so I’ll continue doing this with the other girls.
I’ve read through the book about Pre-Raphaelite techniques, which is a serious piece of work describing paintings that have been analyzed using x-rays, ultraviolet, chemistry and historic records, including the archives from the art store used by most of these Victorian painters. It’s a fascinating account if you enjoy such minutia. I’ve really enjoyed it, particularly the more personal details that are included in a few descriptions of the artists at work. I’d have liked to have see more anecdotal information about how the painters worked; their approach to the compositions and their choice of brushes.
It was reassuring to find out that they generally used copal (a resinous drier not unlike the walnut alkyd I use) and curious that they liked Zinc White, although even in their own lifetimes they discovered that this is not a good choice for paintings that one might want to last for any length of time because the paint cracks up readily, causing damage to the surface of the painting. I wonder if it was simply exciting to use a new pigment? When the Pre-Raphs were at their peak Winsor and Newton had come up with a new process for creating Zinc oxide that had not been used before.
It was also reassuring to learn that they weren’t supermen, sometimes redrawing their work because they were dissatisfied with their compositions, even throwing away or abandoning paintings that didn’t go well.
Painting wet white is noted, but the writers don’t describe the technique, presumably because they’re not painters. I’m finding it pretty easy to imitate in the studio and I like the soft blends it gives me. So far I’ve only used it en grisaille (actually en brun), but I’m sure it’s equally effective as a method for rendering colour into areas of the work like dresses or foliage.
Addressing the fabric
I’ve built the structure of the plaits in the centre girl’s dress, which I think is reminiscent of the beautiful work Burne-Jones did in his The Golden Stairs, completed in 1880. Looking at all the Pre-Raphaelite books has had an effect on me, influencing not only what I paint but how I paint it. In addition to getting this dress started the second girl from the right has a reworked top that is working well, although painting the bottom half below the arm has given me some pause for thought about the shape of the folds.
This evening I’m getting into painting the first girl’s waist, which should allow me to continue with the legs, then move on to the bottom half of the dress that made life difficult in the evening yesterday.
Fabric
Working on the dresses was initially a matter that caused me a little worry, but I quickly found myself enjoying creating folds and shadows in the fabric that makes up the first drapery in the painting. I want clothing that is reminiscent of, but not styled in the same way as those romantic creations made by the Pre-Raphaelite painters in their gorgeous paintings of women. When the first draft of this dress is complete in Raw Umber, I will add colour, shadows and highlights to make the fabric really work properly. Pre-Raph connoisseurs may appreciate that I did this work in wet white, meaning that I first added Foundation white to the surface, then painted into it with the brown. It worked quite well, and I’ll continue to experiment with the technique until I can perfect it.
There’s an interesting exhibit at La Luz de Jesus Gallery in Silverlake, Los Angeles, where you can see “The Lowbrow Tarot”, a collection of card designs entirely by lowbrow oil painters. Lowbrow is derived from cartoons and illustration, tends towards anime and a gothic sensibility, while using traditional technique to achieve a very detailed and craftsmanlike picture, often in oil paint, sometimes in acrylics, and more unusually in mixed media. I want to visit the show this weekend before it closes at the end of the month (October 31st).
Little
I fixed the marble wall on the left side background, the perspective of which I had rendered incorrectly, then worked on completing the hair of the girl on the right hand side, moving from the hair to editing the new arms and the dresses.
The wall looks much better, but I think I need to do a bit more to find balance in the architecture.
Armed
I’m much more satisfied with the central figure now, following a little effort to complete the hair and the hand on the Empress’ shoulder, which acts to place the head of the centre figure in context with the other girls. I’ve added two arms supporting the Empress, one deliberately reflecting the arm on the left side so that the composition is balanced and finds some grace – now the shapes below the Empress’ arms is mirrored IÂ can enjoy the flow of that cross shaped composition made by the body and the arms. I’ve extended the hair a little, although I’ve yet to edit the Empress’ face and neck and haven’t touched her hair yet. I’m enjoying the work very much.
Sky Based, Figures Moving Along
A great day in the studio, fully engaged in good, productive work. I’ve base-coated the sky in  a medium grey as preparation for a layer of Cobalt Blue (yep, I ran out of that, too, must get more paint in stock – that’s one of the problems of working on large paintings).
With the base coat down, the lining of the cracks between the marble slabs corrected and in the right place the painting is really making a lot more sense, being mostly rendered in the correct values of grey to take the glazes that will make it sing, although there are no cherry trees in the composition yet, because these will only be added when the sky is complete and I can paint a new layer of light grays for the leaves and blossom.
I’ve been editing the figures on the left, finding several areas that need attention, where a line is half an inch out of place here, and a shadow a little too high there. The appearance of the girls is gradually improving, making this by far the prettiest painting I’ve worked on to date.
Foundations
My withdrawal symptoms have abated, having received four tubes of Foundation white from Steve at Continental, and I’ve put down a layer of dense white over the entire bottom half of the painting, which means that all I need to do to complete basing out the entire painting is to mix an light grey for the sky and sea. I’ve noticed a couple of errors in the arrangement  of the walls that I want to correct, but I’ll wait until this layer is dry before attempting to fix them.
I’ve just received a book that looks completely fantastic – Pre-Raphaelite Painting Techniques, by Townsend, Ridge and Hackney. I’ll take a look and post a report on it later this week.
This evening I’ll visit the gallery at CLU for my colleague Barry Burns’ opening reception for his show of new works. If you’re in the neighborhood, please join me.